Yeremia 5:8
Konteks5:8 They are like lusty, well-fed 1 stallions.
Each of them lusts after 2 his neighbor’s wife.
Yeremia 5:25
Konteks5:25 Your misdeeds have stopped these things from coming. 3
Your sins have deprived you of my bounty.’ 4
Yeremia 6:3
Konteks6:3 Kings will come against it with their armies. 5
They will encamp in siege all around it. 6
Each of them will devastate the portion assigned to him. 7
Yeremia 7:5
Konteks7:5 You must change 8 the way you have been living and do what is right. You must treat one another fairly. 9
Yeremia 7:17
Konteks7:17 Do you see 10 what they are doing in the towns of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem? 11
Yeremia 19:10
Konteks19:10 The Lord continued, 12 “Now break the jar in front of those who have come here with you.
Yeremia 25:19
Konteks25:19 I made all of these other people drink it: Pharaoh, king of Egypt; 13 his attendants, his officials, his people,
Yeremia 27:19
Konteks27:19 For the Lord who rules over all 14 has already spoken about the two bronze pillars, 15 the large bronze basin called ‘The Sea,’ 16 and the movable bronze stands. 17 He has already spoken about the rest of the valuable articles that are left in this city.
Yeremia 39:8
Konteks39:8 The Babylonians 18 burned down the royal palace, the temple of the Lord, and the people’s homes, 19 and they tore down the wall of Jerusalem. 20
Yeremia 48:30
Konteks48:30 I, the Lord, affirm that 21 I know how arrogant they are.
But their pride is ill-founded.
Their boastings will prove to be false. 22
Yeremia 49:27
Konteks49:27 “I will set fire to the walls of Damascus;
it will burn up the palaces of Ben Hadad.” 23
Yeremia 51:20
Konteks51:20 “Babylon, 24 you are my war club, 25
my weapon for battle.
I used you to smash nations. 26
I used you to destroy kingdoms.
Yeremia 51:28
Konteks51:28 Prepare the nations to do battle against her. 27
Prepare the kings of the Medes.
Prepare their governors and all their leaders. 28
Prepare all the countries they rule to do battle against her. 29
Yeremia 51:38
Konteks51:38 The Babylonians are all like lions roaring for prey.
They are like lion cubs growling for something to eat. 30
[5:8] 1 tn The meanings of these two adjectives are uncertain. The translation of the first adjective is based on assuming that the word is a defectively written participle related to the noun “testicle” (a Hiphil participle מַאֲשִׁכִים [ma’ashikhim] from a verb related to אֶשֶׁךְ [’eshekh, “testicle”]; cf. Lev 21:20) and hence “having testicles” (cf. HALOT 1379 s.v. שָׁכָה) instead of the Masoretic form מַשְׁכִּים (mashkim) from a root שָׁכָה (shakhah), which is otherwise unattested in either verbal or nominal forms. The second adjective is best derived from a verb root meaning “to feed” (a Hophal participle מוּזָנִים [muzanim, the Kethib] from a root זוּן [zun; cf. BDB 266 s.v. זוּן] for which there is the cognate noun מָזוֹן [mazon; cf. 2 Chr 11:23]). This is more likely than the derivation from a root יָזַן ([yazan]reading מְיֻזָּנִים [mÿyuzzanim], a Pual participle with the Qere) which is otherwise unattested in verbal or nominal forms and whose meaning is dependent only on a supposed Arabic cognate (cf. HALOT 387 s.v. יָזַן).
[5:8] 2 tn Heb “neighs after.”
[5:25] 3 tn Heb “have turned these things away.”
[5:25] 4 tn Heb “have withheld the good from you.”
[6:3] 5 tn Heb “Shepherds and their flocks will come against it.” Rulers are often depicted as shepherds; see BDB 945 s.v. רָעָה 1.d(2) (cf. Jer 12:10). The translation of this verse attempts to clarify the point of this extended metaphor.
[6:3] 6 tn Heb “They will thrust [= pitch] tents around it.” The shepherd imagery has a surprisingly ominous tone. The beautiful pasture filled with shepherds grazing their sheep is in reality a city under siege from an attacking enemy.
[6:3] 7 tn Heb “They will graze each one his portion.” For the use of the verb “graze” to mean “strip” or “devastate” see BDB 945 s.v. רָעָה 2.c. For a similar use of the word normally meaning “hand” to mean portion compare 2 Sam 19:43 (19:44 HT).
[6:3] sn There is a wordplay involving “sound…in Tekoa” mentioned in the study note on “destruction” in v. 1. The Hebrew verb “they will pitch” is from the same root as the word translated “sound” (taqÿ’u [תִּקְעוּ] here and tiq’u [תִּקְעוּ] in v. 1).
[7:5] 8 tn The infinitive absolute precedes the finite verb for emphasis.
[7:5] 9 tn Heb “you must do justice between a person and his fellow/neighbor.” The infinitive absolute precedes the finite verb for emphasis.
[7:17] 10 tn Or “Just look at…” The question is rhetorical and expects a positive answer.
[7:17] 11 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[19:10] 12 tn The words “And the
[25:19] 13 sn See further Jer 46:2-28 for the judgment against Egypt.
[27:19] 14 tn Heb “Yahweh of armies.” For the significance of this title see the note at 2:19.
[27:19] 15 tn The words “two bronze” are not in the text. They have been supplied in the translation to help identify the referent.
[27:19] sn The two bronze pillars are the two free-standing pillars at the entrance of the temple (Jakin and Boaz) described in 1 Kgs 7:15-22.
[27:19] 16 tn The words “the large bronze basin called” are not in the text. They have been supplied in the translation to help identify the referent.
[27:19] sn “The Sea” refers to the large basin that was mounted on twelve bronze bulls. It stood in front of the temple and contained water for the priests to bathe themselves (2 Chr 4:6; cf. Exod 30:17-21). It is described in 1 Kgs 7:23-26.
[27:19] 17 tn The words “movable bronze” are not in the text. They have been supplied in the translation to help identify the referent. See the study note for further reference.
[27:19] sn The bronze stands are the movable bronze stands described in 1 Kgs 7:27-37. They were the stands for the bronze basins described in 1 Kgs 7:38-39. According to 2 Chr 4:6 the latter were used to wash the burnt offerings. The priests would have been very concerned especially about the big bronze basin and the movable stands and their basins because they involved their ritual purification apart from which they would have had no sanctity. These articles (or furnishings in this case) were broken up and the bronze carried away to Babylon along with all the other bronze, silver, and gold furnishings when the temple and the city were destroyed in 587
[39:8] 18 tn Heb “Chaldean.” See the study note on 21:4 for explanation.
[39:8] 19 tc The reading here is based on an emendation following the parallels in Jer 52:13 and 2 Kgs 25:9. The Hebrew text here does not have “the temple of the
[39:8] 20 sn According to the parallels in 2 Kgs 25:8-9; Jer 52:12-13 this occurred almost a month after the wall was breached and Zedekiah’s failed escape. It took place under the direction of Nebuzaradan, the captain of the king’s special guard who is mentioned in the next verse.
[48:30] 21 tn Heb “Oracle of the
[48:30] 22 tn The meaning of this verse is somewhat uncertain: Heb “I know, oracle of the
[49:27] 23 sn Ben-Hadad was a common name borne by a number of the kings of Damascus, e.g., one during the time of Asa around 900
[51:20] 24 tn Or “Media.” The referent is not identified in the text; the text merely says “you are my war club.” Commentators in general identify the referent as Babylon because Babylon has been referred to as a hammer in 50:23 and Babylon is referred to in v. 25 as a “destroying mountain” (compare v. 20d). However, S. R. Driver, Jeremiah, 317, n. c maintains that v. 24 speaks against this. It does seem a little inconsistent to render the vav consecutive perfect at the beginning of v. 24 as future while rendering those in vv. 20b-23 as customary past. However, change in person from second masculine singular (vv. 20b-23) to the second masculine plural in “before your very eyes” and its position at the end of the verse after “which they did in Zion” argue that a change in address occurs there. Driver has to ignore the change in person and take “before your eyes” with the verb “repay” at the beginning to maintain the kind of consistency he seeks. The vav (ו) consecutive imperfect can be used for either the customary past (GKC 335-36 §112.dd with cross reference back to GKC 331-32 §112.e) or the future (GKC 334 §112.x). Hence the present translation has followed the majority of commentaries (and English versions like TEV, NCV, CEV, NIrV) in understanding the referent as Babylon and v. 24 being a transition to vv. 25-26 (cf., e.g., J. Bright, Jeremiah [AB], 356-57, and J. A. Thompson, Jeremiah [NICOT], 756-57). If the referent is understood as Media then the verbs in vv. 20-23 should all be translated as futures. See also the translator’s note on v. 24.
[51:20] 25 tn This Hebrew word (מַפֵּץ, mappets) only occurs here in the Hebrew Bible, but its meaning is assured from the use of the verbs that follow which are from the same root (נָפַץ, nafats) and there is a cognate noun מַפָּץ (mappats) that occurs in Ezek 9:2 in the sense of weapon of “smashing.”
[51:20] 26 tn Heb “I smash nations with you.” This same structure is repeated throughout the series in vv. 20c-23.
[51:28] 27 tn See the first translator’s note on 51:27 and compare also 6:4 and the study note there.
[51:28] 28 tn See the translator’s note at 51:23 for the rendering of the terms here.
[51:28] 29 tc The Hebrew text has a confusing switch of possessive pronouns in this verse: “Consecrate the nations against her, the kings of the Medes, her governors and prefects, and all the land of his dominion.” This has led to a number of different resolutions. The LXX (the Greek version) renders the word “kings” as singular and levels all the pronouns to “his,” paraphrasing the final clause and combining it with “king of the Medes” to read “and of all the earth.” The Latin Vulgate levels them all to the third masculine plural, and this is followed by the present translation as well as a number of other modern English versions (NASB, NIV, NRSV, TEV, NCV). The ASV and NJPS understand the feminine to refer to Media, i.e., “her governors and all her prefects” and understand the masculine in the last line to be a distributive singular referring back to the lands each of the governors and prefects ruled over. This is probably correct but since governors and prefects refer to officials appointed over provinces and vassal states it amounts to much the same interpretation that the Latin Vulgate, the present translation, and other modern English versions have given.
[51:38] 30 tn Heb “They [the Babylonians] all roar like lions. They growl like the cubs of lions.” For the usage of יַחְדָו (yakhdav) meaning “all” see Isa 10:8; 18:6; 41:20. The translation strives to convey in clear terms what is the generally accepted meaning of the simile (cf., e.g., J. Bright, Jeremiah [AB], 358, and J. A. Thompson, Jeremiah [NICOT], 762).